[72] In its native Southeast Asia, the durian is an everyday food and portrayed in the local media in accordance with the cultural perception it has in the region. The crucial difference between the two is that anther locules open by apical pores in Boschia and by longitudinal slits in Durio s.s.[13] These two genera form a clade that is sister to another genus in the tribe Durioneae, Cullenia. 2. [12], Over the centuries, numerous durian cultivars, propagated by vegetative clones, have arisen in Southeast Asia. In 1929, J. D. Gimlette wrote in his Malay Poisons and Charm Cures that the durian fruit must not be eaten with brandy. The durian symbolised the subjective nature of ugliness and beauty in Hong Kong director Fruit Chan's 2000 film Durian Durian (榴槤飄飄, lau lin piu piu), and was a nickname for the reckless but lovable protagonist of the eponymous Singaporean TV comedy Durian King played by Adrian Pang. Tempoyak can be eaten either cooked or uncooked, is normally eaten with rice, and can also be used for making curry. Also spelled duryan in native Tagalog orthography. The name 'durian' is derived from the Malay-Indonesian languages word for duri or "spike", a reference to the numerous spike protuberances of the fruit, together with the … ‘For instance, the smell of durians is fragrant for people in some cultures but repellant for those in others.’. [31] Another common variety is "Udang merah", or red shrimp, found in the states of Pahang and Johor. ^ Wallace makes an almost identical comment in his 1866 publication The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utang and the bird of paradise. [52], Hundreds of phytochemicals responsible for durian flavour and aroma include diverse volatile compounds, such as esters, ketones, alcohols (primarily ethanol), and organosulfur compounds, with various thiols. The durian seeds, which are the size of chestnuts, can be eaten whether they are boiled, roasted or fried in coconut oil, with a texture that is similar to taro or yam, but stickier. [19] The fruit of many species has never been collected or properly examined, however, so other species may have edible fruit. Malaysia negotiated a deal with China to export the whole fruit frozen for the first time to China starting in 2019, previously only Thailand was permitted to export the whole fruit to China. Most cultivars have a common name and a code number starting with "D". [73] Likewise, the oddly shaped Esplanade building in Singapore (Theatres on the Bay) is often called "The Durian" by locals,[73] and "The Big Durian" is the nickname of Jakarta, Indonesia.[74]. [78] Strong nylon or woven rope netting is often strung between durian trees in orchards, serving a threefold purpose: the nets aid in the collection of the mature fruits, deter ground-level scavengers, and prevent the durians from falling onto people. 1692, Robert Boyle, General Heads for the Natural History of a Country Great or Small, London: John Taylor and S. He… The genus Durio has a complex taxonomy that has seen the subtraction and addition of many species since it was created by Rumphius. Durian is a tropical fruit. Learn more. It is neither acidic nor sweet nor juicy; yet it wants neither of these qualities, for it is in itself perfect. Pregnant women or people with high blood pressure are traditionally advised not to consume durian. Es durian (durian ice cream) is a popular dessert in Indonesia, sold at street side stall in Indonesian cities, especially in Java. [30], Known locally as "durian IOI", this variety has a round shape, medium size, green and yellow outer skin colour, and has flesh easy to dislodge. [39][40] In the Philippines, the centre of durian production is the Davao Region. In Malaysia and Singapore, most consumers prefer the fruit to be as ripe and pungent in aroma as possible and may even risk allowing the fruit to continue ripening after its husk has already cracked open. [82], Southeast Asian traditional beliefs, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, consider the durian fruit to have warming properties liable to cause excessive sweating. This single province is responsible for half of the durian production of Thailand. [49], Other comparisons have been made with the civet, sewage, stale vomit, skunk spray and used surgical swabs. [44] A saying in Indonesian, durian jatuh sarung naik, meaning "the durian falls and the sarong comes up", refers to this belief. durian translate: 榴莲果. [43] The increasing popularity of the fruit also saw the price of the Malaysian variety Musang King rise considerably; durian farmers would see the prices they get increasing from two ringgit per kilogram to 60 ringgit per kilo by 2018, which made it a far more lucrative than palm oil or rubber, leading to an increase in durian plantation. Its shape ranges from oblong to round, the colour of its husk green to brown, and its flesh pale yellow to red, depending on the species. [37] Malaysia and Indonesia follow, both producing about 265,000 tonnes each. However, the biochemical pathway by which the plant produces ethanethiol remained unclear such as the enzyme that releases ethanethiol. [50] Sugar content, primarily sucrose, has a range of 8-20% among different durian varieties. of the rind, together with the noun-building suffix -an. Any of several trees, genus Durio, of Southeast Asia. durian translation in English-Bangla dictionary. [10] Since the bases of the scales develop into spines as the fruit matures, sometimes spineless durians are produced artificially by scraping scales off immature fruits. [47] He cited one traveller from 1599:[b] "it is of such an excellent taste that it surpasses in flavour all other fruits of the world, according to those who have tasted it. Several medical investigations on the validity of this belief have been conducted with varying conclusions,[10] though a study by the University of Tsukuba finds the fruit's high sulphur content inhibits the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing a 70 percent reduction of the ability to clear toxins from the body. DURIAN. The fruit can grow up to 30 cm (12 in) long and 15 cm (6 in) in diameter, and usually weighs one to three kg (2 to 7 lb). : Yes, the durian has a very strong smell, it's a fact. D. zibethinus is not grown in Brunei because consumers there prefer other species such as D. graveolens, D. kutejensis, and D. oxleyanus. The latter belief can be traced back at least to the 18th century when Rumphius stated that one should not drink alcohol after eating durians as it will cause indigestion and bad breath. The durián is the fruit of a tree belonging to the genus Durio and the Malvaceae family. Durian fruit is used to flavour a wide variety of sweet edibles such as traditional Malay candy, ice kacang, dodol, lempuk,[60] rose biscuits, ice cream, milkshakes, mooncakes, Yule logs, and cappuccino. [10], In 2019, researchers from the Technical University of Munich identified ethanethiol and its derivatives as a reason for its fetid smell. Showing page 1. In Vietnam, the cultivar, Musang King, is a common variety preferred by consumers. Learn more in the Cambridge English-Chinese simplified Dictionary. [3][4] Durio zibethinus is the only species available in the international market: other species are sold in their local regions. Over thirty clones of D. zibethinus and six other Durio species have been subsequently introduced into Australia. The flesh is used for many dishes in Southeast Asian cuisines. [10] The latter belief can be traced back at least to the 18th century when Rumphius stated that one should not drink alcohol after eating durians as it will cause indigestion and bad breath. [68] In the 18th century, Johann Anton Weinmann considered the durian to belong to Castaneae as its fruit was similar to the horse chestnut. Another cultivar is from Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia. (m) means that a noun is masculine. 2 : a southeast Asian tree (Durio zibethinus) of the silk-cotton family that bears durians. Here are 4 tips that should help you perfect your pronunciation of 'durian':. The fruit can grow up to 30 cm (12 in) long and 15 cm (6 in) in diameter, and typically weighs one to three kilograms (2 to 7 lb). [9][18] Genome analysis also indicated that the closest plant relative of durian is cotton.[9][18]. The flesh is thick, not solid, yellow coloured, and has a sweet taste. [41] China is the major importer, purchasing 65,000 tonnes in 1999, followed by Singapore with 40,000 tonnes and Taiwan with 5,000 tonnes. In 100 grams, raw or fresh frozen durian provides 33% of the Daily Value (DV) of thiamine and moderate content of other B vitamins, vitamin C, and the dietary mineral manganese (15–24% DV, table). There is disagreement over whether this name, bestowed by Linnaeus, refers to civets being so fond of the durian that the fruit was used as bait to entrap them, or to the durian smelling like the civet. ... as producing a food of the most exquisite flavour it is unsurpassed.[46][a]. [19] During the early stages of its taxonomical study, there was some confusion between durian and the soursop (Annona muricata), for both of these species had thorny green fruit. noun the edible fruit of a tree, Durio zibethinus, of the bombax family, of southeastern Asia, having a hard, prickly rind, a highly flavored, pulpy flesh, and an unpleasant odor. The most recent molecular evidence (on which the most recent, well-supported circumscription of Durioneae is based) therefore refutes Corner's Durian Theory. The authors of these studies hypothesise that monothecate anthers have most likely evolved convergently in Durioneae and in the Malvatheca clade (comprising Malvaceae s.l. A durian is a big fruit with a strong smell and a hard shell with sharp thorns. Found 0 sentences matching phrase "durian belanda".Found in 1 ms. 1 : a large oval tasty but foul-smelling fruit with a prickly rind. Novelist Anthony Burgess writes that eating durian is "like eating sweet raspberry blancmange in the lavatory". The flesh is medium-thick, solid, yellow in colour, and sweet. Some people regard the durian as having a pleasantly sweet fragrance, whereas others find the aroma overpowering with an unpleasant odour. [3] Unripe durians may be cooked as a vegetable, except in the Philippines, where all uses are sweet rather than savoury. Durian was introduced into Australia in the early 1960s and clonal material was first introduced in 1975. "[66] The Portuguese physician Garcia de Orta described durians in Colóquios dos simples e drogas da India published in 1563. Many hotels and public transportation systems do not let people carry durians because of the strong smell, which many people find unpleasant. [28][84], The Javanese believe durian to have aphrodisiac qualities, and impose a set of rules on what may or may not be consumed with it or shortly thereafter. Its flavour is loved by some people, especially in Southeast Asia, where people name it "King of Fruits". Showing page 1. [10] The durian is somewhat similar in appearance to the jackfruit, an unrelated species. There are 30 recognised Durio species, at least nine of which produce edible fruit, with over 300 named varieties in Thailand and 100 in Malaysia, as of 1987. In Malay peninsula and Sumatra, Pangasius catfish can be either cooked as tempoyak ikan patin (fish in tempoyak curry) or as brengkes (pais) tempoyak, which is a steamed fermented durian paste in banana leaf container. 2. However, people have died from durian falling on their heads, especially young children. [51], The fruit's strong smell led to its ban from the subway in Singapore; it is not used in many hotels because of its pungency. In Java, the seeds are sliced thin and cooked with sugar as a confection. Listen to the audio pronunciation in the Cambridge English Dictionary. durian translation in English-Tagalog dictionary. [62] Dried durian flesh can be made into kripik durian (durian chips). When durian is minced with salt, onions and vinegar, it is called boder. Some genera possess these characters, but others do not. It is in the same genus, Annona, as cherimoya and is in the Annonaceae family. Find most stylish & luxury furniture sofas, beds, chairs, desks, tables and wardrobe made from solid wood. Pulut Durian or ketan durian is glutinous rice steamed with coconut milk and served with ripened durian. [20], Durian flowers are large and feathery with copious nectar, and give off a heavy, sour, and buttery odour. More than 200 cultivars of D. zibethinus exist in Thailand. Soursop (also graviola, guyabano, and in Hispanic America, guanábana) is the fruit of Annona muricata, a broadleaf, flowering, evergreen tree. [88], For a complete list of known species of Durio, see, "Hail the king of fruit - 10 types of durians from Malaysia", "A review on the nutritional, medicinal, molecular and genome attributes of durian (, "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website – Malvales", "Phylogeny of the core Malvales: evidence from ndhF sequence data", "Support for an expanded family concept of Malvaceae within a recircumscribed order Malvales: a combined analysis of plastid atpB and rbcL DNA sequences", "The draft genome of tropical fruit durian (Durio zibethinus)", "Bird-pollination of Three Durio Species (Bombacaceae) in a Tropical Rainforest in Sarawak, Malaysia", "Durian Exporting Strategy, National Durian Database (กลยุทธการส่งออกทุเรียน)", "Comprehensive List of Durian Clones Registered by the Agriculture Department (of Malaysia)", "Fans Sour on Sweeter Version of Asia's Smelliest Fruit", "Panduan Lengkap Durian untuk Pencinta Raja Buah", "10 variations of durians - the King of Fruits - Metro News | The Star Online", "Variability analysis of Sukun durian plant (Durio zibethinus) based on RAPD marker", "Durian: the foul-smelling fruit that could make Malaysia millions", "Durians Smell Awful – But the Taste Is Heavenly", "Bioactive compounds, nutritional value, and potential health benefits of indigenous durian (, "Smelly durian fruit sends six to hospital and forces evacuation", "Sumatran tiger inspects durian fruit on forest floor", "Durians and booze: worse than a stinking hangover", "Jakarta: A city we learn to love but never to like", "Baby boy killed by falling durian in Jawi", "China's hunger for durian threatens Malaysian forests: Environmentalists", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durian&oldid=1002618414, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 25 January 2021, at 07:59. 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