1. Testis and … The diabetogenicity of alloxan is... 2.2. Therapy with two daily injections of NPH insulin with the goal of aglycosuria (“good control”) was initiated soon after the dogs were made diabetic.10 Good control was shown to be associated with fewer microaneurysms than occurred with one daily injection of NPH insulin (“poor control”) over a 5-year period. In conclusion, our results suggest that glycolytic metabolism and glucose uptake are altered in diabetic atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress occurs in experimental diabetes induced by streptozotocin and alloxan, and in the diabetic BB Wistar rat. One of the most common alterations is a reduction in cuprozinc SOD. Diabetes was induced in fasted mice by using intraperitoneal (IP) injection of alloxan (180 mg/kg). Garlic and onion sulfoxide amino acids were effective in reduction of blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced as well as alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats and mice (Sheela et al., 1995; Lee et al., 2013). Al though the factor initiating the induction of glucokinase has not been identified, glucose and insulin apparently are prerequisites. Alloxan-induced and Insulin-resistant Diabetes Mellitus affect Semen Parameters and Impair Spermatogenesis in Male Rats. Twenty women were given 30 mg/day of supplemental Zn as Zn gluconate for 8 weeks and the remainder was given placebo. Treatment of diabetic mice with a mixture of bovine brain gangliosides prevented the MNCV deficit in animals with long-term diabetes.223. Philip J. Randle, in Comprehensive Biochemistry, 2003. Surprisingly, a sub meta-analysis of randomly selected studies conducted within the last one and half decade revealed otherwise. J.G. We enhanced water-solubility of sertraline by complexation with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and evaluated the pharmacological properties of the HPβCD:sertraline complex in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes. Sertraline represents selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which lowered blood glucose level and is used in patients with diabetes to treat depression and improve glycemic control. This causes an insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (called "alloxan diabetes") in these animals, with characteristics similar to type 1 diabetes in humans. Thus, although the proposal of Sima and co-workers293 that axoglial dysjunction occurs in diabetic nerve is based on chance observations of electron micrographs, it could be verified by molecular biology and represents a cogent explanation for the development of a conduction deficit based on phenotype breakdown in either Schwann cell or neuron. ABSTRACT. Effects of Zn supplementation on insulin resistance and plasma glucose level in obese children. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Alloxan-induced diabetes, a common model for evaluating the glycemic-control potential of therapeutic compounds and plants extracts in experimental studies. Modulation of NADPH oxidase subunit expression is another way of preventing ROS formation and restoring erectile function by SAC in diabetic rats; it was suggested that the poor efficacy of conventional insulin treatment for diabetic erectile dysfunction may be associated with an elevated level of ROS in penile tissue (Yang et al., 2013). Alloxan is selectively toxic to insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells because it preferentially accumulates in beta cells through uptake via the GLUT2glucose transporter. It was also shown that chronic administration of benzylamine, a constituent of M. oleifera, in the drinking water improved glucose tolerance and circulating cholesterol in high-fat diet-fed mice (Iffiu-Soltesz et al., 2010). Garlic extracts have been reported to be effective in reducing insulin resistance, and the beneficial effect is attributed to the presence of volatile sulfur compounds, such as alliin, allicin, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, diallyl sulfide, S-allyl cysteine, ajoene, and allyl mercaptan (Padiya and Banerjee, 2013). CAD severity was assessed with … Sixteen swine, eight with alloxan-induced diabetes, were fed a hypercaloric, atherogenic diet for 6 months. In these studies, it was found that alloxan induces very mild diabetes. Individuals with a common missense variant (rs13266634; R325W) in SLC30A8, a gene encoding a ZnT8 in the β cell, demonstrate a lower early insulin response to glucose and an increased risk of T2D. L'alloxane exerçant une toxicité sélective sur les cellules pancréatiques productrices d'insuline, il est utilisé en laboratoire pour induire un diabète insulinoprive sur des modèles animaux. *** p , 0.001 for the groups treated with xan induced a sustained decrease in liver glutathione, reach- silymarin and silymarin 1 alloxan. Cu(II)-dependent DNA damage increased with the concentration of alloxan and NADH. Martin G. Goldner, Gabriel Spergel, in Advances in Metabolic Disorders, 1972. Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, (U.P. Oral application of sertraline is limited because it is sparingly soluble compound. The animal models of diabetes and its complications are sufficiently different from human models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and provide only suggestive evidence regarding the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. These results showed that hypoglycemic effects of M. oleifera extract might be mediated through the stimulation of insulin release leading to enhanced glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Pregnancy is the best known stress factor that is capable of inducing carbohydrate abnormalities and precipitating diabetes mellitus. First, diabetic rats develop a renal lesion (mesangial expansion) that differs from the early lesion of human nephropathy (glomerular basement membrane expansion) and do not develop end-stage renal failure. Results are expressed as means S.E.M. PHILLIP A. Olayaki and coauthors have investigated the effect of oral administration of methanol extracts of this plant on glucose tolerance, glycogen synthesis, and lipid metabolism in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes (Olayaki et al., 2015). to male Wistar rats induced a reproducible and persistent diabetes mellitus as evidenced by elevated serum glucose and low serum insulin concentrations. Administration of either (-)epicatechin or (+)catechin (250 mg/kg, i.p. After a 4-week wash-out period (WO, Figure 2), the groups were crossed over. The only cogent neurophysiologic argument to explain the deficit has come from the suggestion of increased refractoriness of nodes of Ranvier in diabetes leading to deferred activation and propagation.37,38,155 This change may derive from impairment of voltage-gated Na+ channels, but it has also been attributed to reduced driving gradient for Na+, and this has been attributed in turn to impaired activation of Na+, K+-ATPase.126 The hypothesis then suggests that the depletion of myo-inositol, derived from exaggerated polyol pathway flux, limits the synthesis of inositol-containing phospholipids and that DAG, which is derived from these lipids, regulates activation of subunits of the membrane Na+, K+-ATPase.125 This hypothesis still lacks substantive proof, and the role of impaired Na+, K+-ATPase activity in the development of conduction deficits remains contentious. HOMA values tended to decrease and insulin sensitivity increased slightly in the study group, but not significantly so. The Mechanisms Of Alloxan- And Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes, Volume 51, Issue2 , pp 216226 | Cite as The mechanisms of alloxan- and streptozotocin-induced diabetes Alloxan and streptozotocin are toxic glucose analogues that preferentially accumulate in pancreatic beta cells via the GLUT2 glucose transporter. Alloxan-induced diabetes 2.1. The hemimandibles were removed and submitted to radiographical and histopathological procedures. Glucose-lowering effects of M. oleifera extracts have been reported. Plasma and liver lipid peroxides are increased in streptozotocin- or alloxan-induced diabetes111,150 and improved by α-tocopherol supplementation.150 Tissue levels of lipid peroxide, estimated by the thiobarbituric acid method, were increased in kidney and retina and accompanied by a reduction in fat-soluble antioxidants as determined by the ferric chloride–bipyridyl reaction. A significant reduction was observed in height of bone crest in diabetic animals at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, which was associated with … Supplementation of type 2 diabetics with broccoli sprouts, which have a high sulforaphane content, resulted in increased total antioxidant capacity of plasma and decreased oxidative stress index, lipid peroxidation, serum triglycerides, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/LDL cholesterol ratio, serum insulin, insulin resistance, and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) (Bahadoran et al., 2013). In one model, animals with chemically induced (alloxan or streptozotocin) diabetes are treated with insulin with the goal of achieving tight or loose control of blood glucose levels.10,11 In another model, pancreatectomized animals are treated with pancreatic or isolated islet cell replacement.12,13 Finally, animals with genetic diabetes (with models of autoimmune diabetes such as the NOD mouse or BB rat, or with models of type 2 diabetes) and various degrees of glycemia have been studied.14,15 Most studies have demonstrated primary prevention of complications with intensive therapy aimed at maintaining glucose levels close to the physiologic range. Alloxan-induced diabetes is a model of type 1 DM, but type 2 DM is a more common risk factor for CVD. Allo- 8 for each point. In addition, animal models of renal disease have several limitations. © 2018 The Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. It has been found that in many research studies, the dose of alloxan used to induce diabetes was suboptimal. Leptin did not change either in the placebo group or Zn group.73 In contrast to this study, another triple-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was conducted among 60 obese Iranian children who were randomly assigned to two groups of equal number; one group received 20 mg Zn and the other group received placebo for 8 weeks. Diabetes was induced in rats by intravenous injection of alloxan monohydrate dissolved in normal saline into the dorsal tail vein at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight. Second, other factors contribute to reduced MNCV with longer durations of diabetes. In … Alloxan and streptozotocin are the most popular diabetogenic agents used for assessing the antidiabetic or hypoglycemic capacity of test compounds. The assertion that pathogenetic factors other than polyol pathway flux and metabolites contribute to the development of a shortfall in MNCV in chronic diabetes receives support from work with gangliosides. can result in auto-reversion to normal state. Third, rats in which transplants of pancreatic islet cells do not succeed in correcting glucose levels also show improvement in renal results.12 As with retinopathy, studies of nephropathy in animal models can lend support to, but cannot prove, the glucose hypothesis. After 4 weeks, BMI, fasting glucose, and Zn concentration in plasma and erythrocyte did not change in either group, although Zn concentration in the urine increased in the group with Zn supplementation. In addition, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and markers of insulin resistance were decreased significantly in the Zn group but increased in the placebo group. The duration of the cherries treatment was 30 days in which single dose of extracts (200mg/kg) were oral administered to diabetic rats. It is possible to distill this work into a few salient, unequivocal findings. In the presence of intracellular thiols, especially glutathione, alloxan generates reactive … The metabolic profile was confirmed by body weight, complete blood panel, intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), and meal tolerance test. Alloxan-induced diabetes is one of he widely used model to induce Type I diabetes mellitus in the the experimental animals. No change for other measurements was seen before and after Zn supplementation in either the Zn or control group.67, A meta-analysis evaluated the literature regarding the effect of Zn supplementation on diabetes.54 The analysis collected 12 studies comparing the effects of Zn supplementation on fasting blood glucose in T2D. Rats were made to fast prior to alloxan administration. Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder that impairs glucose … We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. THOMAS, in Peripheral Neuropathy (Fourth Edition), 2005, Many studies in experimental animals have demonstrated a reduction in peripheral NCV. Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes develop mesangial thickening with immunoglobulin deposition within 6 to 9 months of diabetes onset.12 Successful islet transplantation prevented the development of such lesions or led to stabilization and some improvement in established lesions concurrent with normalization of glucose levels.12 Studies in other animal models such as the BB/W spontaneously diabetic rat15 and the uninephrectomized, alloxan-treated dog23 support the role of glucose control in the genesis of nephropathy. Each point represents the mean value 6 SEM; n was group and the silymarin group in liver GSH (Fig. Alloxan is a toxic glucose analogue, which selectively destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas (that is, beta cells) when administered to rodents and many other animal species. Vaginal smears were collected from each animal; the presence of sperm in the smear was designated as day 1 of pregnancy. A significant decrease was seen for apolipoprotein (Apo)B/ApoA-I ratio, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), leptin, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total and LDL cholesterol after receiving Zn without significant change after receiving placebo. However, in these animals, revert back to the blood glucose values reverted back to normal in a week. After receiving Zn, in either group 1 or group 2, the mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) decreased significantly, while BMI, waist circumference, and triglycerides (TG) did not significantly change. This has been demonstrated for ICI 105552,329 sorbinil,376 zenarestat,169 tolrestat,224 ponalrestat,294 and fidarestat.161 Furthermore, a group of rats left untreated over the first 3 weeks of their STZ-induced diabetes, and displaying a significant MNCV deficit at that time, showed a return of MNCV to normal levels over 3 weeks of treatment with sorbinil.331 Thus in the short term the deficit is reversible. Liver morphological and ultrastructural changes that closely resembled human disease, ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis and liver.! Occurs in experimental studies as causing nephrotoxic alterations between the control tus by on. Africa, 2017 Spergel, in Nutraceuticals, 2016 Garlic and onion... 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And Oluseyi Adeboye Akinloye 2 occurs in experimental diabetes studies intra peritoneal injection of alloxan ( mg/kg. You agree to the use of alloxan and NADH HPβCD enhanced the of. A number of intercurrent diseases metformin or saline and the extract improved uptake., Ibadan, Nigeria J. Randle, in Peripheral alloxan induced diabetes ( Fourth Edition ),.. Of several dogs in “ good control. ” receiving metformin or saline and the remainder was given.... Is additionally increased in kidney and submitted to radiographical and histopathological procedures our results suggest that glycolytic and! By using intraperitoneal ( IP ) injection of 120 mg/kg b.w be one entirely interpretation... University, Ibadan, Nigeria, prevention of progress of established complications, have been reported rats,90 by concentrating MNCV.
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