J. Agri. Find more similar words at wordhippo.com! 373–394, Van Willigen, J., & Channa, V. C. (1991). Some scholars believe dowry was practiced in antiquity, but some do not. Dowry contrasts with the related concepts of bride price and dower.While bride price or bride service is a payment by the groom or his family to the bride's parents, dowry is the wealth transferred from the bride's family to the groom or his family, ostensibly for the bride. A negative factor is a rise in the rate of "dowry deaths". Dowry Wealth and Wifely Virtue in Mid-Qing Gentry Households. A list of names in which the gender is masculine (page 7). [61] Linen became less common, a fact blamed on poor flax harvest and girls being poor spinners, but emphasis was added to the finest of the clothing, and a money dowry was sometimes added, particularly if the bride was regarded as having some fault. According to tradition, even in current times, the dowry is displayed for showing-off, before the marriage in rural Turkey, at the bride's family, or groom's family—the display is typically attended and examined by women, particularly from the groom's family. Annals Fac. Dowry in India is not limited to Hindus or any specific religion. Popular Bengali Names. In Nepal, the practice of dowry is closely related to social prestige; and dowry violence is especially prevalent in the Terai belt. In the 18th century, as inheritances and dowries gradually became smaller, this custom disappeared. The man gives only a present to the wife, as he thinks fit, and a marriage gift in advance, which he has no right to claim back, but the (proposed) wife may give it back to him of her own will (if she does not want to marry). Oprema and dar are a major economic burden to bride's family in Bosnia. [1] Dowries may also go toward establishing a marital household, and therefore might include furnishings such as linens and furniture. The shura (dowry) far exceeds the kali al-sadaq, and there is a large transfer of wealth from bride's family to the couple and the groom's family. Man, 9(1), pp. Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, "BBC NEWS – Programmes – Crossing Continents – India's dowry deaths", "Understanding and addressing violence against women", "Combating Acid Violence in Bangladesh, India, and Cambodia". Synonyms for downy include soft, velvety, fluffy, silky, feathery, fleecy, silken, smooth, furry and fuzzy. Bangla meaning of downy … [73] In addition to dowries, daughters could also be granted an inheritance from their father, a share of the legìtima. [93], In Pakistan, dowry is called Jahez in Arabic (derived from Islamic jahez-e-fatimi). Febreze Plug in Air Freshener and Odor Eliminator, Scented Oil Refill, Linen & Sky, 3 Count 4.8 out of 5 stars 5,716 $12.94 $ 12 . "Dowry & Inheritance" edited by Smt. Edward Westermarck (1914), Marriage ceremonies in Morocco, ISBN MacMillan (London), pp. Law, custom, and crimes against women: The problem of dowry death in India. This concept is included in the Great Charter, and along with the recognition of female inheritance and absence of the Salic law, and women, particularly single women, holding many rights equivalent to those men held, manifests English law differing fundamentally from the law of the Continent, especially the law of the Holy Roman Empire. A dowry is a transfer of parental property, gifts, property or money upon the marriage of a daughter (bride). It is widespread. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association. He was most prominent from 1970 to present. CV Vaidya, Epic India, Or, India as Described in the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. [66] Women, in practice, often did maintain control over their dowry after marriage. The law was widely abused and in 2014, the Supreme Court ruled that arrests can only be made with a magistrate's approval. Ethnology, pp. We have a Chrome Extension and an Android App [91] One of the methods used by families who are unhappy with dowry includes acid throwing, in which concentrated acid is thrown on the bride's face to cause disfiguration and social isolation. Embroidery is traditionally included in a dowry, as is land, money, jewelry such as necklaces and pazab, shoes, shawls, carpets, bedding, furniture, crockery, mirrors, clocks and such items. Mann[17] and others[49][50][51] find that dowry was a form of inheritance to daughters. This property was "beyond the dowry" (Greek parapherna, the root of paraphernalia) and is referred to as paraphernal property or extra-dotal property. They argue that a major factor in determining the type of marriage transaction is the type of property controlled by the household. [20], Even in the oldest available records, such as the Code of Hammurabi in ancient Babylon, the dowry is described as an already-existing custom. Sci. Also see the lists of names of English, Irish, or Spanish origins. [83], Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code required the bridegroom and his family to be automatically arrested if a wife complains of dowry harassment. [86][87][88], Bangladesh has seen a rise in the expected size of dowries in recent decades, as its middle class has grown. Today, the dowry will often consist of jewelry, clothing, and money. Downey, Idaho - Downey is a city in Bannock County, Idaho, United States. [131] The ceyiz is typically agreed upon between the groom's and bride's families before the wedding date is finalized. Brides unable to pay the high "price" to marry are punished by violence and often death at the hands of their in-laws or their own husbands. Edward Sachau (Translator), Bīrūnī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad, Alberuni's India (Vol. [53], One common penalty for the kidnapping and rape of an unmarried woman was that the abductor or rapist had to provide the woman's dowry. [47], Dowry was common in different historic periods of China and continued through the modern history. English to Dutch Dictionary (Free). Cehiz often includes furnishings, appliances, crystal, mirrors, bed, jewelry and cash depending on the negotiations between the groom's and bride's families before the wedding day. Bangla Meaning of Downy Thanks for using this online dictionary, we have been helping millions of people improve their use of the bangla language with its free online services. Bridewealth circulates property and women, and is typical of societies where property is limited. The practice of dowry is common in Nepal, and dowry-related violence is increasingly becoming a problem. [67] Dowries were a common custom in the early colonial years, but were passing out of use by the mid-18th century. [163] About 4.6% of total crimes against women in India were dowry death-related, and another 1.9% were related to violation of Dowry Prohibition Act. UNICEF notes dowry helps perpetuate child marriage. Kalpana ... Hindi to Bengali Hindi to Arabic Hindi to Tamil Hindi to Telugu Hindi to Urdu [121], Dowry has existed in Persia for over 1000 years, and called jahīzīeh (sometimes spelled jahaz or jaheez, جهیزیه). [17] In parts of China, both dowry and brideprice (pinjin) were practiced from ancient eras to the 20th century. "Ethnography and exhibitionism at the Expositions Universelles." Islamists classify jahez into two categories: The first comprises some essential articles for the outfit of the bride as well as for conjugal life. Relatives of the bride often contribute to the Cehiz demands, through the ritual of koncas. [3][4][5] The custom of dowry is most common in cultures that are strongly patrilineal and that expect women to reside with or near their husband's family (patrilocality). He cites two studies from the early 20th century with data to suggest that this pattern of dowry in upper castes and bridewealth in lower castes persisted through the first half of the 20th century. The exchange was somewhat reciprocal. Alternatively, it could be related to the name of the Roman god JUPITER. Dowries continue to be expected and demanded as a condition to accept a marriage proposal in some parts of the world, mainly in parts of Asia, Northern Africa and the Balkans. Singhai Pannalal Raes ed. Gehaz is observed in rural and urban Egypt, and is typically negotiated between the groom's family and bride's. Dowry in Morocco is separate from the Mahr or Sadaq that is religiously required by Sharia. 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