In 1388, the political opponents of Albert elected Margaret to be the regent of Swedish territory controlled by them, and promised to assist her conquering the rest of Swedish territory. After the Kalmar Castle tour, we were off to Copenhagen . 1349 The Black Death, a contagious bubonic plague, reaches Norway claiming perhaps as much as 50% of its population. The union with Sweden is dissolved. Christian I of Danish Odenburg dynasty gained the dominion of Schleswig and Holstein in Germany. (transitive) To terminate a union of multiple members actively, as by disbanding. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. DOI: 10.1029/2021EO153233 Provided by American Geophysical Union Margaret I ruled Denmark 1387–1412, Norway 1388–1389, and Sweden 1389–1412, Christian II ruled Denmark and Norway 1513–1523; Sweden 1520–1521, Albrectsen, Esben, Fælleskabet bliver til. 1537 In 1809, the Russian Empire annexed Finland, which was originally ruled by Sweden. Determining Dissolved Organic Carbon Flows into the Gulf of Alaska, Eos (2021). "The Kalmar Union is forfeit" This basically just ruined my current game. What Are Traditional Viking Knife And Seax？, What Are Traditional Viking Braids Meaning And History？. Scandinavian royal lineage chart for the time around the founding of the Kalmar Union, "Margaret I | queen of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden", "Erik VII | king of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden", "Sweden – Code of law | history – geography", Membership of International organizations, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalmar_Union&oldid=1000060564, States and territories established in 1397, States and territories disestablished in the 1520s, 16th-century disestablishments in Denmark, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles to be expanded from September 2017, Articles needing translation from Swedish Wikipedia, Articles containing Finnish-language text, Articles containing Icelandic-language text, Articles containing Greenlandic-language text, Articles containing Faroese-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing Swedish-language text, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The Tyr battleship was designed and built in Saaremaa, and Saaremaan engineers are currently experimenting with submarine technology. The three countries handed over their sovereignties without compromising their respective independent statuses and interests. Iceland, which legally became a Danish colony in 1814, became an independent country in 1918 in a personal union, which would end in 1944. "The Union of Calmar: Northern Great Power or Northern German Outpost?" The frequent wars affected Swedish ecomony; while the centralized government led by Denmark also caused Swedes’ suspicion. [3], Margaret became regent of Denmark and Norway when Olaf died in 1387, leaving her without an heir. Kalmar Union, combination of the three crowns of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, effected at Kalmar, Sweden, by Queen Margaret I in 1397. Margaret was married to Haakon VI at the age of 10, and their son Olaf IV was confirmed to be the heir to the Norwegian throne. The nation also had at least one other town, Edelweiss, which was located in eastern Karelia, on the same spot where there now is the town of Yartsevo. Danmark-Norge 1380–1814, vol. ... Norway would stay part of Sweden until 1905 when the union was dissolved and Norway became an independent country. [6] After Margaret defeated Albert in 1389, her heir Eric was proclaimed King of Norway. Share. In these time gaps, the de facto ruler of Sweden was usually a regent elected among native nobles. Norway retained none of her prior possessions however. In 1944, Iceland became independent from Denmark. 1534-36 After the death of King Frederik I, the Civil "War of the Counts" (Grevefejden) between the rivals to throne follows. World War II The treaty that unified the crowns of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway in 1397, dissolved in 1523. 1.1. The union was dissolved when the Swede Gustav Vasa came to power in 1523. The Kalmar Union. The Kalmar Union officially dissolved in the next year. However, the lack of common policies and, above all, of a joint defense strategy made it impossible to maintain neutrality wh… In 1905, Norway became independent from Sweden peacefully. The Vasa kings. This massacre caused the uprising in Dalarna County. Charles Bonde, for example, was made king of Sweden three times by nationalists there, in 1440, 1464 and 1467. However, their domestic and foreign policies were directed by a common monarch. In 1534, Norway was deprived of the status of kingdom, and became a province of Denmark. [4] Eric was subsequently elected King of Denmark and Sweden in 1396. Kalmar Union. After the Northern Seven Years' War, the Treaty of Stettin (1570) saw Frederick II renounce all claims to Sweden, officially dissolving the union. All the events are represented on the interactive timeline and can be visualized. Christian II of Denmark (on the throne between 1513 and 1523) led a strong army to capture Stockholm, the Swedish capital occupied by Swedish nationalists, and massacred a large number of Swedish nobles that participated in the insurgency. In the aftermath of Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union in 1521, civil war and the Protestant Reformation followed in Denmark and in Norway. She was the daughter of Valdemar IV of Denmark, and queen of Haakon VI of Norway. Though Norway claimed suzerainty over the island prior to the Union’s formation, it had long since ceased exercising any administrative control over the European settlements there. Kalmar, Union of the the treaty which joined together the Crowns of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway in 1397, dissolved in 1523. In 1380, Olaf took over the throne of Norway after Haakon VI passed away. Discussions for Prussia to join the Kalmar Union have faltered as Poland has said it would regard this as a declaration of war. This was known to history as the “Stockholm Bloodbath”. Estonia accepts Swedish sovereignty in return for protection from Russian raids. As the treaty stipulated, the three kingdoms should support the same monarch, and found an everlasting union. At the beginning of the union age, Margaret won the support of nobles in three kingdoms by the conciliation policy. The Monarchy of the Kalmar Union is the constitutional monarchy of the Kalmar Union.The present monarch, Frederik II of the Kalmar Union, has reigned since March 11, 2015.He and his immediate family undertake various official, ceremonial and representational duties. Birger jarl skyddsbrev för Karelens kvinnor 001.jpg 1,789 × 992; 721 KB. "A State that Failed?". Union between Norway and Sweden under a common monarch. Something I like to do as Sweden is declare an independence war, take back my cores, but not claim independence, and wait for the union to end afterwards from Denmark's low prestige. After King Albert was defeated, captured and released by Danish-Swedish coalition army in 1389, he failed to pay off the compensatory military expenditure within three years, and was forced to renounce his throne. The treaty of Roskilde in 1658 marked the end of the worst hostilities and the end of the era of Kalmar as an important military city outpost. The Kalmar Union is a historiographical term meaning a series of personal unions that united the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway (with Iceland, ... Denmark and Norway parted when the union was dissolved in 1814. In Kalmar, 15-year-old Eric became the common monarch of the three kingdoms after being crowned by Danish and Swedish archbishops, but the union remained under the control of Margaret till her death in 1412. [2] Formally, the Danish king acknowledged Sweden's independence in 1524 at the Treaty of Malmö. ... EMF added a function to dissolve rump empires and make them kingdoms instead, checking realm holding numbers for it's threshold (120, I … The Kalmar Union is dissolved for the last and final time by a Swedish rebellion led by Gustav Vasa. In practice, the Kalmar Union fell apart when Sweden rebelled and became independent on 6 June 1523 and Gustav I of Sweden was elected as king there. ... being de facto dissolved in 1822, when Brazil proclaimed its independence. In 1521, Swedish nobleman Gustav Vasa established an anti-Denmark army in Dalarna County. The nation's capital, from its very birth to its dissolution, was Nya Asgard, which stands close to the city of Linköping in-real-life Sweden. In the late 15th century, the contradictions between Danish royals and Swedish nobles became intensified, and the opposition alliance had constant conflicts with Danish-led central government. Despite being under the same union, but the member kingdoms reserved their respective positions as a kingdom; they had the domestic autonomy and were ruled by local parliaments in accordance with original local laws; but the foreign affairs and defense were governed by the common monarch. At that time, Albert had some disputes with the leaders of nobles. Upon the founding, this union included the territories of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Greenland and Faroe Islands, with a total area of 1.24 million square kilometers; but the total population was only 1.5 million where Danes made up a half of it. No direct contact took place between Greenland and the Kalmar Union during the time period. Harald Gustafsson, "A State that Failed?" Gustav Vasa's election as king on 6 June 1523, and his triumphant entry into Stockholm eleven days later, marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union. It is also known as the “Kalmarunionen”. Thus, Margaret’s position in Sweden was consolidated. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. One main impetus for its formation was to block German expansion northward into the Baltic region. Under the help of Hanseatic League, he led his army to defeat Danish army and re-capture Stockholm in 1523, and restored the independence of Sweden. In 1658, Sweden recaptured its southern costal areas on the Scandinavian Peninsula, which had been occupied by Denmark for a long time. Although this entailed some bloodshed, turmoil, and uncertainty over a 2-year period, it was by and large not at all a terrible happening. 1520 - Danish forces invade Sweden and execute rebellious nobility in the "Stockholm Bloodbath." The union of Denmark and Norway lasted, however, until 1814. Kalmar Union; Angst; Drama; Past Relationship(s) Summary. But Norway and its overseas dependencies remained under the rule of Odenburg dynasty for centuries in the name of Denmark-Norway, till the official ending of mutual alliance relationship. The nation and the town of Makanu were dissolved on July 4, 2019 due to the leader's inactivity. dissolve (third-person singular simple present dissolves, present participle dissolving, simple past and past participle dissolved) 1. Prussia became largely Lutheran during the reformation and the Princes were able to dissolve the Bishoprics' land, though Polish pressure ensured the bishops themselves were kept in place. Sweden and the Duchy of Mecklenburg formed a personal union under the rule of King Albert. For a somewhat different view see Steinar Imsen, "The Union of Calmar: Northern Great Power or Northern German Outpost?" The Kalmar Union (Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish: Kalmarunionen; Latin: Unio Calmariensis) was a personal union in Scandinavia, agreed at Kalmar in Sweden, that from 1397 to 1523[1] joined under a single monarch the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden (then including most of present-day Finland), and Norway, together with Norway's overseas colonies[N 1] (then including Iceland, Greenland,[N 2] the Faroe Islands, and the Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland). At that time, the two parties shared the same enemies, the Hanseatic League and Germany, which were trying to influence Scandinavian economy. Former countries similar to or like Kalmar Union. Den nordiske trestatsunions epoke 1397–1521, Copenhagen: Nordisk ministerråd/Gyldendal/Liber, 1979, Gustafsson, Harald. [8] Diverging interests (especially the Swedish nobility's dissatisfaction with the dominant role played by Denmark and Holstein) gave rise to a conflict that would hamper the union in several intervals starting in the 1430s. In 17th century, Sweden had continuous wars with Denmark for the supremacy in the Baltic. Although the Kalmar Union had collapsed after Sweden restored independence, but Denmark and Norway maintained the union relationship. The dependencies of Norway including Greenland, Iceland and Faroe Islands also had been under rule of Denmark since then. He made the Kalmar Union dissolved by restoring the independence of Sweden. By that time, the three Nordic kingdoms were all under the rule of the same regent. The Kalmar Union refers to a personal union in Scandinavia composed by Denmark, Sweden (including southern Finland) and Norway. This union was dissolved in 1523 when nobleman Gustav Vasa deposed the Danish king of the Union and became the elected king of Sweden. The Finnish border is moved east and Sweden's possession of Estonia is recognised by Russia in the peace of Teusina. 1523 The Kalmar Union is dissolved as the Swedes revolt after the "Stockholm bloodbath" performed by King Christian II of Denmark. When things had settled down, the Rigsraad ( High Council ) of Denmark became weak, and it was abolished in 1660; the Norwegian Riksråd had already been abolished de facto. Today, Faroe Islands and Greenland remain the territories of Denmark. It united Sweden, Denmark, and Norway under a single leader. Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content. On June 17 of 1397, diplomatic representatives from Denmark, Sweden and Norway held a meeting in a fortress in southern Swedish city Kalmar (which is very close to Swedish-Danish border), and signed the Treaty of Kalmar. 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