Recovering the purity of these timeless values in the New World was a fundamental theme of Swedish, and later Swedish-American, discussion of America. This page was last edited on 13 June 2017, at 22:02. The fact that Sweden lost its colonies before anti-colonial, freedom movements began means that the decolonization process and many of the consequences of this that other colonial nations experienced, such as fighting protracted and expensive wars, did not apply. Much of the historical research that I build on is derived from two recent books which have contributed to a rethinking of Swedish and Scandinavian involvement in colonialism: the research anthology Scandinavian Colonialism and the Rise of Modernity: Small Time Agents in a Global Arena (2013), edited by Magdalena Naum and Jonas M. Nordin, and Våra kolonier, de vi hade och de som aldrig blev av (‘Our colonies, the ones we had and those never realized’; my translation), by Herman Lindqvist. If the brutality of Swedes is absent in Swedish In 1652, the Swedes took Cape Coast (in modern Ghana) which had previously been under the control of the Dutch and before that the Portuguese. instructions to treat the ‘wild people’ well to gain their confidence. government’s continual restriction of who has the legal right to call In 1650, an expedition under the command of Henrik Carloff was send to Africa. This enraged Carloff. actually wished to eliminate the Indigenous population in the barren colony. example is the Swedish national The Swedish governor got royal In May 1654[5], the Dutch Fort Casimir was captured by soldiers from the New Sweden colony led by governor Johan Rising. After the Treaty of Copenhagen in 1660, Cabo Corso was to be returned to Swedish administration: However it then was revealed that Carloff's associate Schmidt already on his own had sold the colony in March 1659, to the Netherlands and had disappeared with the money. Since the imaginary Golden Age answered to shifting needs and ideals, the "timeless values" varied over time, and so did the Swedish idea of the new land. exhibition Sweden then forced a settlement with Great Britain because it had been guaranteed the island which was strategically close to its other Caribbean colony. exports of military equipment are frequent to countries where essential Old colonial relations cast a shadow over today’s environmental politics. Media related to Swedish colonial empire at Wikimedia Commons The ultimate purpose was to displace the Sámi people and deny them their independence and land rights. It would later be rejuvenated under Gustav III who would founded a Swedish colony on Saint-Barthélemy in 1785, and made the island a center for slave trading. Sweden is one of the countries who are keen on business in Brazil. Actions. This is revealed in a Fikru Maru biography which came out in October 2019. that SAAB does little or nothing to check if delivered equipment is used in war A telling government take care to emphasise the morally responsible nature of the Swedish The Church supports the surprising) that there is a similar absence of processing of historical crimes In 2015 this book was succeeded by Våra kolonier in which popular historian Herman Lindqvist uncovers a strong Swedish ambition to develop a colonial role. Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, and Netherlands). Although her colonial history is much less recent than that of other former imperial powers, its legacy arguably opened Swedes up to the world beyond Europe. So what is going on with all this? arms production—in the infamous triangular trade. Selling Swedish fighter jets to Brazil and Swedes did not inherit the attitude from the colonial period that has complicated the way in which some former colonial powers view the rest of the world, as, despite the end of colonialism, a theater for the pursuit of their own interests and agendas. entrepreneurs, including several multinational companies, are searching for The first settlement and Fort Wicaco were built on the present site of Philadelphia in 1669. You need to get 100% to score the 5 points available. days, when honoured your name flew across the Earth’). This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Germany’s The colonial attitude was obvious: Chancellor Oxenstierna referred to the northern parts of Sweden as ‘our India’. oppressing Sámi people at home while telling Bolsonaro to respect Indigenous of history: ‘Sweden must deal with its historical debt to the Sámi,’ Archbishop freedoms and rights are absent. updated legal restrictions in Sweden) to cultivate the colony with their ‘slash have bought carbon offsets in Brazil from a multinational corporation that has Baltic provinces were annexed in wars in the 16th But however negligible the Swedish exercise of Get started! The anthology displays Swedish involvement on several continents: from expansion up North to the New World, Africa, and Asia. international credibility due to the state’s and the Church’s treatment of the Apollonia, present Benin: 1655-1657. European countries with colonial empires. commitments: ‘The rich world uses the climate debate to continue to dominate.’. use of the same system in British plantations in the West Indies. The 1844, including the patriotic stanza which begins ‘Du tronar på minnen från fornstora dar, då ärat ditt namn flög över themselves Sámi on ‘Swedish’ territory: reindeer owners of ethnic Sámi origin. The Society collects and preserves the world’s largest collection of historical and genealogical material relating to America’s first Swedes and Finns. Major Swedish immigration to the United States did not occur until the late nineteenth century. Dutch-born entrepreneur Louis De Geer wants to For six top 9 most popular vintage natural stone drop earrings zinc alloy list and get free shipping The settlement became known as New Sweden and was actually an invasion of New Netherland, since it was Dutch territory. with their guilt. Total Points. In August 2019 the G7, or Group of Seven, countries offered Brazil a $20 million relief effort—allegedly to reduce the risk of climate change by counteracting extensive forest fires in the Amazon. a slave sent to Brazil by his forefather (!). [1] Sweden does not possess residual ties with former colonies that influence its foreign policy or involve ongoing commercial or economic interests. Although political control over vast colonies is history, economic structures ‘invisibly’ serve the same function (and in a way that is often cheaper than managing empires). As suggested earlier, ‘climate action’ is the same time, the immense German colonial abuse in Africa in the late 19th Norwegian news site writes, ‘Norway’s rain forest preservation At the same time, his own administration engages in even more absurd forms of anti-environmentalism—as when the director-general of the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research Ricardo Galvão was fired and labelled a ‘traitor’ after the Institute issued a report in 2019 on the acceleration of deforestation in the Amazon. eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'newworldencyclopedia_org-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_3',167,'0','0']));eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'newworldencyclopedia_org-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_4',167,'0','1']));eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'newworldencyclopedia_org-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_5',167,'0','2'])); On April 20, 1663, Fort Carlsborg and the capital Fort Christiansborg again were seized by the Dutch after a long defense under the Swedish commander Tönnies Voss. Swedish Empire. of human rights in the Arabic autocracy was never questioned. Following the old colonial pattern, the islanders themselves were not consulted. But whatever ideals are invoked, Swedish government’s effort to legitimize continued power concentration and repression. The invasion continued, and was concluded with the capture of Fort Casimir (New Castle, Delaware) in October 1664[6]. world minority threatens all of humanity’s existence, there can evidently be no and burn’ practise. I mean Prussia and Russia gained a lot in the fall of the Swedish empire, and perhaps if Charles XII would've won he could have helped the French in the Spanish succession and aided the Jacobites and then, then the modern world would be unrecognisable! A scrutiny of historical roles in the colonial era shows how the same old patterns are at work. both the Amazon fires and Bolsonaro attracted to point out that the Brazilian Solzhenitsyn and Svetlana Alexievich uncovers a broader picture, but has not had an impact on the history Tobago (1733). Traces of New Sweden persist in the Delaware Valley to this day, including Holy Trinity Church in Wilmington, Gloria Dei Church in Philadelphia, and Trinity Episcopal Church in Swedesboro, New Jersey, all commonly known as "Old Swedes' Church. local farmers have been forced to move, thus losing their small Jul 24, 2020 - Explore Deborah Vallia's board "Duncan Phyfe Love", followed by 207 people on Pinterest. One of us! and punishment for their sins. anthem from Ugandan David Kureeba, chief at the National Association of Professional New Sweden, established in present-day Wilmington, Delaware along the lower Delaware River, was the first colony. Furthermore, the colonial legacy in Sápmi is When the well-known Sámi A much stronger Swedish Empire with consistent access to the North Sea and Atlantic Ocean, as well as hegemony in the Baltic, without Denmark constantly getting in their way, has the ability to make a real go at American colonization. The standard overview of the French colonial policies designed by Jean-Baptiste Colbert remains W. J. Eccles, France in America (New York, 1972), 60–89. The "what if" scenario on what would have happened if Sweden wouldn't fallen is quite huge! The self-image of Sweden as a peace-loving that Swedish ‘higher standards’ to at least some extent have been tactical more Many of the settlers were Finnish; since until 1809, Finland was governed as the eastern third of the kingdom of Sweden. Sweden was allied with Napoleon Bonaparte's enemies during the Napoleonic Wars in Europe, which was the last major conflict in which Sweden took part before adopting a policy of neutrality. As part of the Church’s self-examination several books have been The Swedes sought to extend their influence by creating an agricultural and fur trading colony to bypass French, British and Dutch merchants.The charter included Swedish… Swedish iron was a key ingredient—mainly for What makes Bolsonaro’s scoffing particularly interesting is that he directed it toward nations that tend to be depicted as humanitarian and climate heroes: Germany and Norway. There seems to be a line of continuity in 0. statements have been made by representatives of Swedish authorities about the 1.2. Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0 License. However, this doesn’t mean—so Naum and Nordin write in the introduction to their anthology—that the colonies were negligible in geo-economic terms. The Oxford History of the British Empire, vol. For example, mining interests have repeatedly collided Today formerly colonized regions largely depend on foreign company investments to develop a role in global trade. The Swedish court structures, where colonial juries first sat in this region, have vanished, although their system of justice was adopted by William Penn for his colony. King Charles X Gustav of Sweden made this one of his reasons to go to war with Denmark. The Swedish leadership also aimed for America. The self-imposed governmental right Countries by Borders in 90 Seconds. adaptation to the slave economy: bent bars were replaced by slaves. To advocate a greenwashed variety of to define, acculturate, and segregate the Sámi people is largely unbroken since The legacy of the colonial empire left Sweden with knowledge of and interest in other parts of the world, which has translated into concern for issues of global justice and peace making Sweden one of the most active countries in supporting United Nations peace keeping activities. Roger Blomqvist is a retired current affairs reporter/researcher and producer of “life philosophy” programs at Swedish public radio (Sveriges Radio), presently a university student of history and culture. A curious fact is that iron in his forges was cast into bars education, and public debate. This status lasted officially until the English conquest of the New Netherland colony was launched on June 24, 1664, when the Duke of York sold the area that is today New Jersey to John Berkeley and George Carteret for a proprietary colony, separate from the projected New York. Naum and Nordin show how the quest for economic growth attracted Dutch capital and workforce to Scandinavia, bringing industrialization as well as capitalism. still evident today. genocide and traumatization of Indigenous peoples as well as the atrocities of In China, the Slave trade and slavery Back in Europe, the discovery of silver in Lapland in the 1630s triggered the Swedish Crown’s expansion north into Sápmi. But alas, there were other reasons to be silent: Sweden was depending on Ethiopian support for a coveted seat on the UN Security Council and did not want to annoy Ethiopian colleagues by criticizing unlawfulness. The Amazon is a target for Swedish exports of technology and forestry know-how. agricultural expansion, Forest Sámi assimilation, domestication, or civilizing key to Germany’s remarkable ethical recovery in the eyes of the world. Many thanks to Rut Elliot Blomqvist for eminent editing and language revision. But Sweden did have several colonies for This may be the beginning of another dramatic shift of paradigms—if double standards hiding and justifying short-term profit interests do not stand in the way. nations for some time. Trade offered a way to replenish the Treasury. There is evidence that the Swedish governor The Swedish West India Company was established on the island in 1786. The Swedes sought to extend their influence by creating an agricultural (tobacco) and fur trading colony to bypass French, British, and Dutch merchants. the present, how might Scandinavian countries approach decolonization? With Royal Swedish support he also established sources, it is all the more present in German, Polish, and Baltic ones. The charter included Swedish, Dutch, and German stockholders. But when accusations of historical abuse pop up, some nations manage to fly below the radar in spite of extensive colonial involvement. The Swedish company SAAB recently delivered Swedish herring was traded as food for slaves. a hidden agenda and climate care can serve as a perfect alibi for retaining Activists and NGOs used the attention which to Africa. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. act on this. Apart from scrutinizing world conscience rhetoric hypocritical. Scratching the surface, it may seem that Sweden and Denmark had the perfect opportunity to become colonial powerhouses, capable of rivaling the likes of England, Spain, France and the Dutch Republic. Instead, terms like emissions at home by curbing oil exploration and production.’ The clean and green façade human rights and progressiveness. How can widely celebrated ‘clean and green utopias’ engage in such dubious practices? rare earth metals and iron, exploitation that is marketed by companies (and the It is revealing as well that leading Swedish Swedish colonial efforts were primarily opportunistic, capitalizing on treaties and marginal locations in order to establish colonies in the shadow of the major colonial powers (i.e. It was made believable internationally that Sweden was not part of any mechanisms of oppression, and it could avoid being seen as a colonial power. colonialism, at least not to the same extent as in British, Spanish, French and interprets Swedish neutrality, it is a fact that Sweden fully participated in their colonial history and identifying repetitions of historical patterns in the Congo or North American examples such as the Brafferton Indian School in By looking at the role of Scandinavia, and in particular Sweden, in the colonial era, we can in fact identify a continuity here; a repeated pattern of what we might call Swedish colonialist neutrality. and 17th centuries, staying under Swedish control for 150 years. US States Quiz. But there was also a specifically Swedish twist to colonial ideology: Swedish neutrality turned out to be a strategic position and to offer competitive advantages in relation to colonial superpowers at war. Sugar refineries were built in Stockholm and Gothenburg. In 1643, the company expanded along the river from Fort Christina, and established Fort Nya Elfsborg on the south bank near present-day Salem, New Jersey. The Swedish presence through settlers, With the exceptions of Germany, Ireland, and Norway, no other European country has had a higher percentage of its population move to North America. The Swedish Royal council also planned other Mining interests have repeatedly collided with reindeer herding and settlements. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their victory in a war against the English Province of Maryland. Swedish colonialism in the ‘great olden days’ and today. In addition to extensive territory around and beyond the Baltic, Sweden possessed overseas colonies from 1638 to 1663, and from 1784 to 1878, mainly in North America and Africa, selling or losing its territory to the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain. In a world of increasing inequalities, where material wealth is concentrated in fewer and fewer hands and environmental load is placed disproportionately on the poorest, there is certainly a need for both processing of colonial guilt and a decolonization debate. Swedish funds last few decades there has been a public debate on exports to dictatorships and Game Points. Ships were built to export iron, wood, and tar, financing increasing imports. I will say this Sweden temporarily controlled several settlements on the Gold Coast (present Ghana) since 22 April 1650, but lost the last when on April 20, 1663, Fort Carlsborg and the capital Fort Chistiansborg were seized by Denmark. Another trading company with a royal charter was responsible for pursuing Sweden's interests in Africa, the Swedish Africa Company (founded in 1649). I thus hope to shed light on the way that professed concerns with sustainability in Sweden and Northern Europe interact with postcolonial power structures today. Swedish ‘neutrality’ goodwill from colonial times up to this day. Sámi Council’s request for a Truth and Reconciliation Commission, similar to origin, until French soldiers violently ended the revolt. As a state that played a significant role in Europe, with a history of sea-faring, Sweden, as did other European nations, wanted trading partners, sources of raw material, and outlets for its own products. If history is unprocessed and allowed to repeat itself, ‘clean and green utopias’ like Sweden can continue to use their good reputation and depict themselves as ‘neutral’ actors to get strategic advantages in global trade. The first expedition was detained by the Dutch in Indonesia on its return, who refused to recognize that it had a right to carry the Swedish flag. than factual—a strategic colonialist neutrality. support tree plantations in Kachung in Uganda in a project which has meant that A detailed colonial trade plan was formed and New Sweden was established in A Engraved and hand coloured map of Scandinavia from the early days of the Swedish Empire in the 17th century. And the one-sided description of the conquest of America, which glosses over Art, Music, Literature, Sports and leisure, World Statesmen- Swedish Possessions & Colonies, The American Swedish Historical Museum - preserves the Swedish-American cultural legacy, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Swedish_colonial_empire&oldid=1030743, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License, Saint-Barthélemy (1784-1878; sold to France), Finland (Chamassungh), now Trainer, Pennsylvania 1641, Tequirassy, now Eddystone, Pennsylvania 1643, Tinicum Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania 1643, Province (Manaiping) Island, in the Schuylkill River, now Southwest, Minqua's Island, now Southwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1643, Kingsessing (Nya Vasa), now Southwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1644, Torne (Aronameck), now West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1647, Swenskes Revier, Nya Sweriges Rivier (Delaware River). There are long-standing conflicts about land use in much We are now witnessing increasing pressure to change economic and political goals in an effort to counteract climate change. For him, the We can in fact identify a continuity here; a repeated pattern of what we might call Swedish colonialist neutrality. of Northern Europe begins to crack as its lack of climate action at home is During this later period some immigration and expansion continued. Girjas has won in the District Court and the Court of Appeal. The only Nordic country to have been considered a "great power", at points in history Sweden has controlled most of the shores of the Baltic Sea, troops have marched deep into present-day Germany , Russia and Ukraine and it has possessed colonies in North America, Africa and … months a group of slaves battled and killed Europeans and slaves of other In more than a dozen close-up descriptions of colonial encounters, a continuous whitewash of Scandinavian history is revealed. The spread of colonial empires was reduced in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries by the American Revolutionary War and the Hispanic American wars of independence. bought to compensate for air travel by employees at agencies like the Bolsonaro eventually had second thoughts and accepted the aid, but the controversy nonetheless brought the question of colonial guilt and contemporary postcolonial power relations to wider public attention. word ‘colonizer’ is seldom used in Swedish sources, historical or popular. The Swedish Minister for rural affairs, Sven-Erik Bucht, went there in 2017 with major Swedish forestry actors and researchers, establishing relations for Swedish businesses under the guise of sustainability. Fort Carlsborg was seized and made part of the Danish Gold Coast colony. On May 9, 1664, the area again was seized, this time by the British who made it part of the British Gold Coast colony. families is not essentially different from the Belgian education of natives in a complex question which I can barely begin to answer here. The Swedes sought to extend their influence by creating an agricultural and fur trading colony to bypass French, British and Dutch merchants. revealed. At its most extensive, the British Empire comprised 57 colonies, dominions, territories or protectorates from Australia, Canada and India to Fiji, Western Samoa and Tonga. Another example of Swedish ‘high standards’ being more like double standards can be found in the story of the Ethiopian/Swedish cardiologist Fikru Maru. Also, Denmark tried to control the North, with its whaling and fisheries, in a ‘colonial union’ with Iceland, North Atlantic Islands, and Greenland. 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